The Panuluyan Festival is a dramatization of the search for lodging by Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem right before the birth of Jesus Christ. This tradition is generally held on Christmas Eve, when Filipinos of the Catholic faith prepare for the midnight Mass. It is also a way of reliving the story of the first Christmas and reflecting on its significance. Panuluyan is celebrated as part of the Christmas tradition in various churches throughout the country.

The word “Panuluyan” comes from the Filipino word “panuloy”, which means to offer hospitality or shelter to someone. The festival is also known as “Panunuluyan” or “Pananapatan” in some regions. The festival dates back to the Spanish colonial period, when missionaries introduced the devotion to Santo Niño or Holy Child Jesus to the natives. The image of Santo Niño was believed to be miraculous, as it survived a fire that burned down a wooden church where it was kept. The image was later enshrined in various churches throughout the country, where it is still venerated today.

The festival is usually performed by local actors or singers, who portray Joseph and Mary, as well as other characters such as angels, shepherds, innkeepers, and villagers. The performers go around the town or village, stopping at three or four houses or stations, where they sing songs or recite verses that express their plea for lodging. The homeowners or station masters will do their part and say that there is no room for them or that they are unwelcome. This will go on until they reach the final station, usually a church or a stable, where they are finally given a place to stay. There, they will find a manger with an image of Santo Niño, surrounded by candles and flowers. The performers and the audience will then kneel down and pray, before proceeding to the church for the midnight Mass.

The festival varies in style and presentation depending on the region or community where it is held. Some places use elaborate costumes and props, while others use simple attire and materials. Some places use live animals such as carabaos (water buffaloes), horses, or sheep, while others use statues or figurines. Some places use recorded music or instruments, while others use live music or acapella singing. Some places use scripted dialogues or verses, while others use improvised or spontaneous lines. Some places use modern or contemporary themes or settings, while others use traditional or historical ones.

The festival is not only a spectacle for the eyes, but also for the ears and the heart. Visitors can enjoy various songs and chants that are unique to each region or community, such as “Himig Pasko” (Christmas Melody), “Maligayang Pasko” (Merry Christmas), “Ang Pasko ay Sumapit” (Christmas Has Arrived), “Pasko na Naman” (It’s Christmas Again), “Noche Buena” (Christmas Eve), and “Pasko sa Aming Nayon” (Christmas in Our Village). They can also experience the warmth and hospitality of the Filipino people, who welcome them to join in their celebration of faith and joy.

The Panuluyan Festival is not only a celebration of Christmas, but also a celebration of Filipino culture and heritage. It is a way of preserving and promoting the traditions and values of the Filipino people. It is also a way of expressing gratitude and devotion to Santo Niño, who is believed to be the source of blessings and miracles.